With the Transfinite algorithm only via global (Meshing Parameters) or local (Mesh Refinement) element size definition. Direct specification of the number of elements/layers is only possible with the extrusion and revolution algorithm.
Another way you can often use to get nice hex meshes is to import a surface geometry, mesh it with quad elements and then use the Thicken Shell Mesh tool to offset it and create a hex mesh with a given number of layers. Here’s an example: 3D Interactive Analysis Stress Viewer - #11 by Matej