Convergence of crown gear pair contact

Check this thread: Zero reaction moment when reading from ROT NODE in 2D - CalculiX (official versions are on www.calculix.de, the official GitHub repository is at https://github.com/Dhondtguido/CalculiX).

Such an approach with soft springs or dashpots isn’t uncommon and may often be utilized in analyses of mechanisms. You could also try running a dynamic analysis: Bevel gear dynamic simulation

Or use prescribed rotation BC instead of torque. Or use an additional step with such a BC to establish contact and then follow it with a step applying the actual loading. There are several approaches here.

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