Reduced integration elements

General Questions
1

Good morning everyone,
I am attempting to model rubber in a 2D axisymmetric model. Due to high deformation, I am incurring in volumetric locking problems. I understand that the issue could possibly be overcame using reduced integration elements such as CAX8R. The problem is I can not get this type of element in PrePoMax even trying to modify calculix keywords. Do you have any suggestions?
Thank you in advance for any help you can give to me!

2
  1. Make sure that your mesh includes second order quadrilateral elements (in Meshing parameters with Advanced settings, you can set Quad-dominated mesh: Yes and Second order: Yes).
  2. After meshing, in the FE Model tab, right-click on a part and select Edit. There you can change the element formulation:

formulation

3

Thanks a lot! I forget this last passage

4

I have never seen any improvment in CCX using reduced integration elements for rubber parts.

5

In the case of Abaqus, It’s advised to use reduced integration elements for (nearly) incompressible materials to eliminate volumetric locking because those elements have fewer volumetric constraints.